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Cancer

Late-stage or long-term cancer diagnoses can impact various aspects of life, including neurological functions, energy levels, and cognitive abilities. Occupational therapy plays a crucial role for cancer survivors, yet only 32% of older patients utilize these services in the first two years post-diagnosis.

Cancer can lead to challenges such as fatigue, decreased strength, swelling, and cognitive difficulties. Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation can affect physical and mental well-being, making everyday tasks harder. Around 60% of patients experience “cancer-related fatigue” (CRF), the most common side effect.

Cognitive changes are also frequent, affecting 75% of patients during treatment, with 20% to 30% experiencing issues afterward. Cancer-related peripheral neuropathy (CRPN) affects about 38% of patients and can disrupt balance, while 33% to 50% may suffer from pain that complicates daily living.

Lymphedema often affects the arms or legs, but it can also develop in other areas such as the breasts, trunk, head, neck, or genitals. Upper extremity lymphedema is commonly associated with breast cancer, while lower extremity lymphedema is linked to cancers such as uterine, prostate, lymphoma, and melanoma.

Approximately 25% of cancer patients report experiencing feelings of clinical depression.

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners defines habilitation services as “services that help a person maintain, learn, or improve daily living skills,” including occupational, physical, and speech therapy. In contrast, rehabilitation services assist individuals in re-learning skills after an injury or illness. Habilitation services are particularly valuable for helping cancer survivors manage their health independently.

Breast Cancer

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) suggests that women between the ages of 40 and 74 who are at average risk for breast cancer should undergo a mammogram every two years. This recommendation is based on evidence that regular screening can help detect breast cancer early, which can lead to more effective treatment and better outcomes. It’s important for women to discuss their individual risk factors with their healthcare provider to determine the best screening schedule for their needs. Regular mammograms can play a critical role in maintaining breast health and catching potential issues early.

It’s essential for women to perform regular breast self-exams. Familiarizing yourself with how your breasts normally look and feel allows you to detect any changes, such as lumps, pain, or alterations in size. Early detection is key in addressing potential health issues, so don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare provider if you observe anything unusual during your self-exams. Taking control of your health through awareness is a powerful step.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a significant health concern, but there are preventive measures that can greatly reduce your risk. One of the most effective ways to protect yourself is by undergoing regular screenings. It is recommended that women begin cervical cancer screenings, such as Pap tests or HPV tests, at age 21. These screenings can detect early signs of cancer or pre-cancerous changes, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

In addition to screenings, vaccination against HPV (human papillomavirus), which is a major cause of cervical cancer, can further decrease the risk. Staying informed about your health and maintaining regular check-ups with your healthcare provider is essential in the fight against cervical cancer.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a serious health concern that can lead to a variety of symptoms, which can often be subtle or misattributed to other conditions. Some common symptoms include:

  • Abdominal or back pain: Discomfort in the abdomen or lower back is another possible indicator and can often be mistaken for other issues.
  • Bloating: A feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen that doesn’t seem to go away may be experienced frequently.
  • Challenges eating: This can include feeling full quickly after starting to eat or a lack of appetite.
  • Constipation: Changes in bowel habits, including constipation, can also be a symptom.
  • Increased urination or urgency: There may be a noticeable increase in the frequency of urination or a sense of urgency.
  • Vaginal bleeding or abnormal discharge: This may manifest as bleeding outside of a normal menstrual cycle or unusual discharge that may catch attention.
  • Pelvic pain or pressure: Many individuals may experience persistent pain or a feeling of pressure in the pelvic region.

It’s important to be aware of these signs and consult a healthcare professional if you experience any persistent or unusual symptoms, as early detection can be key in managing ovarian cancer effectively.

Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus. It’s important to be aware of its potential symptoms, as early detection can significantly influence treatment outcomes. One of the common signs is vaginal discharge or bleeding that is unusual for a person’s menstrual cycle, particularly after menopause.

In addition to abnormal bleeding, individuals may experience pelvic pain or a feeling of pressure in the pelvic area. Other symptoms might include pain during intercourse, unexplained weight loss, and changes in bladder or bowel habits. If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms, especially if they are persistent or worsening, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for evaluation and possible further investigation. Regular check-ups and being attentive to changes in your body can help in early detection.

Cancer Management

Medical Team:

When seeking medical care, it’s essential to find a healthcare provider who makes you feel comfortable and understood. Start by researching different providers in your area—their specialties, experience, and patient reviews. Once you have a list, schedule consultations to meet the medical team in person. This allows you to gauge their communication style, attentiveness, and overall vibe. During your visit, pay attention to how they interact with you and whether they take the time to listen to your concerns. It’s important that you feel at ease discussing your health and asking questions. A supportive and friendly environment can significantly enhance your overall healthcare experience, making it easier to build a trusting relationship with your provider.

Expectations:

In healthcare, it’s important to have a clear understanding of what to expect during tests, procedures, and treatments. This knowledge can reduce anxiety and help you feel more in control of your care.

  • Tests: Before undergoing any tests, ask your healthcare provider about the purpose of the test, how it will be conducted, and what the expected outcomes are. Knowing what to expect can help alleviate any fears you may have.
  • Procedures: For medical procedures, it’s crucial to understand the steps involved, the duration, and any potential risks or side effects. Discussing these aspects with your healthcare provider can prepare you mentally and physically.
  • Treatments: When starting a new treatment plan, inquire about how it works, the expected timeline for results, and any possible side effects. This knowledge allows for informed decisions and helps manage expectations.

By taking the time to learn about your healthcare processes, you reduce surprises and can engage more effectively in your care plan. Always communicate openly with your healthcare team to foster a supportive environment for your health journey.

Rest and recovery:

When preparing for a challenging week, such as undergoing a mammogram or chemotherapy, it’s important to take steps to reduce anxiety. Here are some educational tips to help you manage this time effectively:

  • Limit stressful activities: Minimize or postpone any plans that could increase your stress levels. This is a time to focus on your well-being.
  • Seek support: Reach out to friends and family for help. Whether it’s emotional support, running errands, or just having someone to talk to, their assistance can make a significant difference.
  • Educate yourself: Learn about the procedures you will undergo. Understanding what to expect can alleviate some of the fears and uncertainties.
  • Practice mindfulness: Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or gentle yoga can help you stay grounded and manage anxiety.
  • Nourish your body: Make sure to eat well and stay hydrated. Proper nutrition can enhance your overall well-being during stressful times.
  • Plan for downtime: Allow yourself periods of relaxation and rest. It’s vital to take breaks and do things that bring you joy or comfort.

By adopting these strategies, you can create a more supportive environment for yourself during tough times.

Support:

Joining a cancer support group can be an invaluable resource for individuals navigating the challenges of a cancer diagnosis and treatment. These groups provide a safe space for sharing experiences, emotions, and coping strategies with others who understand what you’re going through.

Support groups can be found both online and in person, making them accessible to a wider audience. In a supportive environment, participants can discuss their feelings, ask questions, and gain insights from those who have faced similar challenges. This exchange can foster a sense of community, reduce feelings of isolation, and provide encouragement during difficult times.

Additionally, many support groups are facilitated by professionals who can guide discussions and provide helpful information about cancer treatments, lifestyle changes, and emotional well-being. By connecting with others in a support group, individuals can gather information, find inspiration, and build lasting relationships that help in the healing process.

References:

Baxter, M. F., Newman, R., Longpr´e, S. M., & Polo, K. M. (2017). Health Policy Perspectives—Occupational therapy’s
role in cancer survivorship as a chronic condition. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71, 7103090010.
https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.713001
Breastcancer. (2022, January 11). 10 ways to manage fear after diagnosis. https://www.breastcancer.org/managing-life/fears/tips-to-manage-cancer-fear

CDC. (2024, January 8). Breast cancer. https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/index.html

CDC. (2024, January 10). Cervical cancer. https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/index.html

CDC. (2024, January 15). Ovarian cancer. https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/index.html

CDC. (2024, January 18). Uterine cancer. https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/index.html