Hormone Introduction

27 Hormones

Estrogen is a vital female hormone responsible for developing breasts and secondary sexual characteristics, such as wider hips. Primarily made by the ovaries, it is also made by other tissues like fat and the adrenal glands. In addition to progesterone, estrogen gets the body ready for pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining, regulating the menstrual cycle, and supporting overall reproductive health.

Progesterone is an essential hormone produced by the ovaries, particularly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. It works alongside estrogen to prepare the uterus for a possible pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining to support a fertilized egg. If conception occurs, progesterone helps maintain this lining, preventing menstruation.
Additionally, progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the breasts for lactation by promoting the development of milk-producing glands, ensuring the body is ready for breastfeeding after the baby is born.

Prolactin is a vital hormone produced by the pituitary gland, with greater levels during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It facilitates the development of mammary glands and stimulates milk production, which is essential for infant nourishment. Additionally, prolactin helps regulate the menstrual cycle by suppressing ovulation, providing a natural form of birth control during the early postpartum period, allowing mothers to focus on their newborn’s needs.

Luteinizing hormone plays a crucial role in the reproductive process by kickstarting ovulation. Once an egg is released, this hormone also helps transform the empty follicle into the corpus luteum, which works to produce progesterone. This hormone is key in preparing the body for a possible pregnancy, making luteinizing hormone essential for fertility.

Resources:

Office on Women’s Health. (2021, February 17). Healthy eating and women. https://womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/healthy-eating-and-women

Office on Women’s Health. (2021, February 22). Glossary. https://womenshealth.gov/healthy-eating/healthy-eating-and-women